Máy quang phổ hấp thu UV-VIS một 1 chùm tia và hai 2 chùm tia
Phổ UV-VIS là gì và độ hấp thu, độ truyền qua
- Phổ UV-VIS hay còn gọi phổ hấp thụ phân tử UV-VIS do phân tử hấp thụ bức xạ của chùm tia tới ở vùng UV-VIS.
- Máy quang phổ UV-VIS là thiết bị dùng để đo sự hấp thụ của phân tử tại bức xạ được sử dụng.
- Và thường bức xạ được chọn phải mang tính chọn lọc và có độ hấp thu đối với phân tử là tốt nhất (nếu không có yếu tố gây nhiễu)
- Để lựa chọn bước sóng hay bức xạ phù hợp, người ta tiến hành “quét phổ” để chọn bước sóng hấp thu cực đại hoặc phù hợp
- Một hợp chất có thể có nhiều bước sóng hấp thu cưc đại (đỉnh peak)
- Định lược bằng định luật Lambert Beer.
Độ truyền quang (T) là tỉ lệ giữa lượng ánh sáng đi qua một mẫu (P) so với lượng ánh sáng ban đầu được chiếu vào mẫu (ánh sáng tới, Pₒ)
- Độ truyền quang T = PPo
- Độ hấp thụ (A) của một mẫu được định nghĩa là số đối của logarit của độ truyền qua.
Độ hấp thụ A=−logT=−logPPo

Quang Phổ So Màu UV VIS
Máy quang phổ hấp thu một chùm tia
- Có thiết kế đơn giản, chỉ một tia chiếu đến mẫu.
- Thuận lợi: chi phí rẻ hơn so với loại 2 chùm tia
- Nhược điểm: không loại bỏ được yếu tố nhiễu do nền mẫu.

Nguyên tắc hoạt động của máy quang phổ hấp thụ phân tử UV VIS một chùm tia
Máy quang phổ hấp thu hai chùm tia
- Có cấu tạo phức tạp hơn
- Chi phí cao hơn
- Loại được yếu tố nền mẫu, covet hay độ đơn sắc của bước sóng sử dụng.
- Nên có độ chính xác cao hơn

Nguyên tắc hoạt động của máy quang phổ hấp thụ phân tử UV VIS hai chùm tia
Ứng dụng của Máy quang phổ hấp thu UV-VIS một 1 chùm tia và hai 2 chùm tia
- Dựa vào quang phổ hấp thu có thể định tính được phân tử
- Dựa và độ hấp thu hoặc độ truyền qua, có thể định lượng được hàm lượng chất phân tích theo định luật Lambert Beer.
Các yếu tố gây nhiễu
- Trong hỗn hợp có nhiều chất có thể hấp thu tại bước sóng sử dụng
- Thành cuvet có độ dày, sai khác hoặc phản xạ, hoặc hấp thụ một phần
- Nhiệt độ môi trường cũng là yếu tố ảnh hưởng đến việc đo độ hấp thu của phân tử
- Độ “tinh khiết” của bước sóng sử dụng, thông thường có độ lệch nhất định.
Cung cấp máy quang phổ UV VIS ở đâu?
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Bài viết giải thích rất rõ về sự khác biệt giữa máy quang phổ UV-VIS một chùm tia và hai chùm tia. Mình đặc biệt thích phần nói về việc quét phổ để chọn bước sóng hấp thu cực đại, đây là bước quan trọng mà nhiều bạn mới làm trong phòng thí nghiệm thường bỏ qua. Ngoài ra, việc áp dụng định luật Lambert-Beer trong định lượng cũng được trình bày dễ hiểu. Cảm ơn tác giả đã chia sẻ kiến thức hữu ích!
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Bài viết phân tích rất rõ ràng về sự khác biệt giữa máy quang phổ UV-VIS một chùm tia và hai chùm tia. Mình đặc biệt thích phần giải thích về việc 'quét phổ' để chọn bước sóng hấp thu cực đại, vì đây là bước rất quan trọng khi làm việc với các mẫu phức tạp có nhiều đỉnh peak. Ngoài ra, việc nhắc đến định luật Lambert-Beer cũng giúp người mới tiếp cận hiểu được cơ sở định lượng. Hy vọng admin có thêm bài so sánh chi tiết về sai số hệ thống giữa hai loại máy này trong thực tế phòng thí nghiệm.
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